Quality Management Principles are the basis of standards and business excellence models.
The PDCA cycle can be applied to all processes and to the quality management system as a whole. To conform to the requirements of International Standards, an organization needs to plan and implement actions to address risks and opportunities.
Risk is the effect of uncertainty and any such uncertainty can have positive or negative effects. Opportunities can arise as a result of a situation favorable to achieving an intended result, for example, a set of circumstances that allow the organization to attract customers, develop new products and services, reduce waste or improve productivity.
